Patient Guide: Getting a Second Opinion in Canada

Getting a Second Opinion in Canada

Helpful Resources

Why Get a Second Opinion?

  • Appendix cancer is rare, and not all doctors see many cases.
  • A second opinion can:
  • Confirm your diagnosis and treatment plan.
  • Provide different perspectives on surgery, chemotherapy, or monitoring.
  • Connect you with specialists who treat more cases of appendix cancer.

Most doctors welcome second opinions; it shows you are being thorough.

When to Ask for a Second Opinion

  • At diagnosis: to confirm pathology and treatment options.
  • Before major treatment decisions: such as surgery (including CRS/HIPEC) or systemic therapy.
  • If treatment isn't working as expected.
  • Whenever you feel unsure about your plan.

Step 1: Talk to Your Current Doctor

  • Be open and respectful: "I'd like to get another opinion to feel confident in my plan."
  • Consult the Appendix Cancer Canada "Finding a Specialist" list.
  • Ask for a referral to another cancer centre or specialist.

Step 2: Gather Your Records

Generally your physician will have you sign a consent to release information and forward the following information to your requested specialist on your behalf but please double check when you speak with the new doctor that they have received everything they need:

Required Documents:

  • Pathology
  • Imaging (CT scans, MRI's, ultrasounds etc.)
  • Operative notes, bloodwork

If Known:

  • Genetic mutations (for example: KRAS, GNAS, BRAF, TP53)
  • Biomarkers that may affect treatment (HER2 status, MSI status)

If Available:

  • Molecular or genomic testing (sometimes called NGS – Next Generation Sequencing)

Helpful Tips:

  • You may ask your oncologist or surgeon's office for copies (you are entitled to these).
  • If you have registered, you may check your hospital's online portal for your records.
  • Apps such as PocketHealth can download imaging and reports so you do not have to request CDs/USBs from the hospital.

Step 3: Telehealth vs. In-Person Consultation

  • Many centres now offer virtual second opinions. You will be scheduled for this discussion after the Tumour board has reviewed your case.
  • If you are a surgical candidate, you will likely need an in-person assessment before surgery.

Note: Upon referral to a specialist, your case will be reviewed by a tumour board, where surgeons, oncologists, and pathologists give input together. Tumour boards don't always meet every week so this may cause a delay.

Step 4: Understand the Costs

  • In Canada, second opinions are covered by provincial health insurance when arranged through your doctor.
  • If you receive an invoice from a hospital for a medically necessary consultation, contact your physician to discuss.
  • Travel and accommodation to another city are usually your responsibility however;

Medical Expense Tax Credit (METC)

The Medical Expense Tax Credit (METC) from the Canada Revenue Agency (CRA) may help reduce your tax bill by letting you claim some of these costs.

Keep receipts — many expenses can be claimed on your Canadian tax return such as:
  • Travel, meals, hotel stays, and parking if required to travel over certain distances and specific conditions are met
  • Travel companion costs (if medically required)

Key Takeaways

  • Second opinions are your right and can provide reassurance or new options.
  • Start by asking your doctor for a referral.
  • Use tumour boards and multidisciplinary teams for the most informed advice.

Disclaimer: This guide is for informational purposes only. It is not a substitute for medical advice, legal advice, tax advice, or professional guidance. Patients should always consult their healthcare providers, provincial health ministries, and a qualified tax professional before making decisions about treatment, insurance, or financial matters.